Postpartum Depression (PND)

  • Common, affecting 1 in 10 women postpartum
  • Symptoms occur 1-3 months postpartum (useful differentiating factor from baby blues)
  • Clinical features are in keeping with classical depression – anhedonia, low mood, fatigue, altered sleep/wake cycle, altered appetite
  • Assessment: PHQ-9 OR the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale
    • Scored out of 30 – a score of > 13 suggests a depressive state
  • Management
    • If persistent less severe depression - refer for facilitated self help
    • New depression: If moderate or severe PND 
      • Refer for high-intensity therapy - CBT
      • Pharmacological Tx: SSRI / SNRI / TCA (if psychological interventions declined/not effective, or she expresses a preference for medication). 
        • If breastfeeding, paroxetine and sertraline are the SSRIs of choice –  lowest milk ratio 

 

Baby Blues

  • Baby blues is very common – it can affects up to 70% of women postpartum
  • Clinical Features
    • Symptoms occur shortly after birth – 3-7 days postpartum
    • Anxiety, irritability, tearfulness, fatigue. 
  • Management:
    • Reassurance, health visitor support

  

Postpartum Psychosis

  • A rare, psychiatric/obstetric emergency (2/1000 women)
  • Clinical Features:
    • Sudden onset of severe mood swings with psychotic features (delusion and hallucinations) - typically 2-3 weeks post-partum
  • Management:
    • Admit
    • Risk in subsequent pregnancies = up to 50% risk of recurrence  

  

References & Further Reading

NICE CKS: Depression - antenatal and postnatal