🧬 Pathophysiology

  • Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia
  • Elevated LH and androgens

🩺 Clinical Features

  • Oligo/amenorrhoea
  • Hirsutism, acne
  • Acanthosis nigricans, obesity
  • Subfertility

🧪 Investigations

  • Raised LH:FSH ratio
  • Mildly raised testosterone
  • Low SHBG
  • Pelvic USS: ≥12 follicles or ovarian volume >10cm³

📝 Diagnosis: Rotterdam Criteria (2 of 3)

  1. Oligo/amenorrhoea
  2. Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical)
  3. Polycystic ovaries on USS

💊 Management

  • COCP for acne/hirsutism
  • Weight loss
  • Clomifene for fertility
  • Metformin may be used

🔗 Useful Links & References